Sea buckthorn is a nutritionally and pharmacologically important plant widely distributed across Europe and Asia ^{[1, 2]}. The berries, seeds, leaves, and bark contain a broad range of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenols, sterols, and essential fatty acids ^{[1, 3]}. These phytochemicals contribute to multiple therapeutic effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and dermatological benefits ^{[3, 4]}.

Sea buckthorn has been extensively investigated for its potential in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals ^{[5, 6]}. Clinical trials indicate beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, inflammatory skin disorders, and gastrointestinal health ^{[7, 8]}. For example, a randomized controlled trial in 90 adults demonstrated that 500 mg sea buckthorn extract improved bowel function and stool consistency in chronic constipation patients ^[9]. This review summarizes the botany, cultivation, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, dermatological applications, and clinical evidence supporting the health benefits of sea buckthorn.