The objective of this work was to highlight the oleaginous nature of seeds of Cissus populnea, a plant of the tropical flora and to determine the profile of fatty acids. Extraction of the oil was done by the soxhlet method using petroleum ether as a solvent. The fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography by derivatization. We noted an oil extraction yield of 20.3 ± 1.64%. This oil contains palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0) and myristic acid (C14:0). The unsaturated fatty acids are: oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7) and 11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1 n-9). The four major compounds encountered in this oil are palmitic acid (40.1 ± 0.2%), oleic acid (27.1 ± 0.2%), stearic acid (16.5 ± 0.14%) and linoleic acid (11.9 ± 0.1%). Unsaturated fatty acids 6 (linoleic acid) and 9 (oleic acid) were found in high proportion. This oil could be used like edible oil following further studies.