International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition

Authors
Vidisha Sharma, Ravinder Chadha

Abstract
Background: Accuracy in food portion size (PS) estimates is fundamental in diet assessment methods. Information concerning the validity and efficacy of food PS estimation aids (PSEAs) is essential to enhance accuracy of dietary intake data. Objectives: This review explored the validity and effectiveness of various PSEAs assessed among adult participants. Methods: Potentially eligible original research articles (adult participants, full text in English language and comparing PSEAs against a valid reference method) were identified through a systematic search of seven databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO Virtual Health Library and Wiley Online Library) from January, 2005 - September, 2016. Results: A total of 1355 records were obtained through initial search, of which 27 were included in qualitative synthesis. Three categories of PSEAs were identified: 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and technological aids. Two dimensional aids (n=9) were the most often evaluated PSEA followed by technological aids (n=8). Aspects like type of food item, its shape and food PS (small vs. large) were recognized as influencers of PS estimates. Training improved the PS estimation accuracy. Conclusions: Various PSEAs and factors influencing their efficacy were emphasized in this review. Use of food photographs, technological aids, and training of individuals appears to be promising in enhancing accuracy of dietary intake data.